See lovely in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lovelyly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "luflynes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unlovely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lovely"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "luely"
}
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"etymology_number": "1",
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},
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"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"t1": "to love"
},
"expansion": "loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċ; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lofly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveli",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveliche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelyche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufely",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufli",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufly",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luflych",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luflich",
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"alternative",
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},
{
"form": "luvelich",
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"11": "",
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"f5l": "",
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"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lovely",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 29 32",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 0 6 0 18 14 14 16 15",
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],
"glosses": [
"Friendly, affectionate, loving (providing love)"
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adj-uDseKXSg",
"links": [
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"affectionate",
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"loving",
"loving"
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[
"love",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lovable"
},
{
"word": "lovesom"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 29 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 53 0 0 0 0 47 0 0",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Sex",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "Many a lovely loke on them he cast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lustful, passionate; romantically or sexually charged."
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adj-RF-D0H8V",
"links": [
[
"Lustful",
"lustful"
],
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
],
[
"romantically",
"romantically"
],
[
"sexually",
"sexually"
],
[
"charged",
"charged"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 29 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 80 0 3 0 0 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
62
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
63,
76
]
],
"english": "\"Lucifer with his legions learned this in heaven; / he was the most pleasing to see after our Lord, / until he broke [his] obedience due to his pride.\"",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 2; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Lucıfer wᵗ legıoũs. lerede hıt ın heuene / He was louelokeſt of sıht. aftur vr loꝛd. / Tıl he bꝛak Boxũnes. þoꝛw boſt of hım seluen",
"translation": "\"Lucifer with his legions learned this in heaven; / he was the most pleasing to see after our Lord, / until he broke [his] obedience due to his pride.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lovely, attractive, pleasing."
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adj-nCorxXek",
"links": [
[
"Lovely",
"lovely#English"
],
[
"attractive",
"attractive"
],
[
"pleasing",
"pleasing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lovesom"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "lovely"
}
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],
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{
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{
"form": "lovelye",
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"form": "lufly",
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},
{
"form": "luflych",
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"form": "luveli",
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"alternative"
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},
{
"form": "luveliche",
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"form": "luve-like",
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],
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],
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"affectionately",
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],
"glosses": [
"Eagerly, fondly, enthusiastically; with great passion."
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-rJKRxqLh",
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[
"Eagerly",
"eagerly"
],
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"fondly",
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"enthusiastically",
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[
"passion",
"passion"
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]
},
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"_dis": "3 5 2 0 17 19 18 16 20",
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},
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "0 53 0 0 0 0 47 0 0",
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"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lustfully, passionately; in a romantically or sexually charged way."
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-fzDVRLMj",
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[
"Lustfully",
"lustfully"
],
[
"passionately",
"passionately"
],
[
"romantically",
"romantically"
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[
"sexually",
"sexually"
],
[
"charged",
"charged"
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]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"orig": "enm:Love",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Wonderfully, marvelously, amazingly."
],
"id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-tFShC3jN",
"links": [
[
"Wonderfully",
"wonderfully"
],
[
"marvelously",
"marvelously"
],
[
"amazingly",
"amazingly"
]
]
},
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"_dis": "1 2 1 8 2 1 1 1 0 3 6 3 0 13 16 16 10 17",
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},
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],
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"Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
],
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"links": [
[
"Courteously",
"courteously"
],
[
"well-mannered",
"well-mannered"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
}
],
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}
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"word": "lovelyly"
},
{
"word": "luflynes"
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
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},
"expansion": "Old English luflīċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"t1": "to love"
},
"expansion": "loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċ; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lofly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveli",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveliche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelyche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufely",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufli",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luflych",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luflich",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "luvelich",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Friendly, affectionate, loving (providing love)"
],
"links": [
[
"Friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate"
],
[
"loving",
"loving"
],
[
"love",
"love#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lovable"
},
{
"word": "lovesom"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "Many a lovely loke on them he cast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lustful, passionate; romantically or sexually charged."
],
"links": [
[
"Lustful",
"lustful"
],
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
],
[
"romantically",
"romantically"
],
[
"sexually",
"sexually"
],
[
"charged",
"charged"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
63,
76
]
],
"english": "\"Lucifer with his legions learned this in heaven; / he was the most pleasing to see after our Lord, / until he broke [his] obedience due to his pride.\"",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 2; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Lucıfer wᵗ legıoũs. lerede hıt ın heuene / He was louelokeſt of sıht. aftur vr loꝛd. / Tıl he bꝛak Boxũnes. þoꝛw boſt of hım seluen",
"translation": "\"Lucifer with his legions learned this in heaven; / he was the most pleasing to see after our Lord, / until he broke [his] obedience due to his pride.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lovely, attractive, pleasing."
],
"links": [
[
"Lovely",
"lovely#English"
],
[
"attractive",
"attractive"
],
[
"pleasing",
"pleasing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lovesom"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "lovely"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial)",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lovely"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "luflīċe",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English luflīċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "luflīċe"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English luflīċe",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loven",
"3": "-ly",
"id1": "to love",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "to love"
},
"expansion": "loven (“to love”) + -ly (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċe; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adverbial suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loffely",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveli",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loveliche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelych",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelyche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovelye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufly",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luflych",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luveli",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luveliche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "luve-like",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Nicely, affectionately, lovingly (in a loving way)"
],
"links": [
[
"Nicely",
"nicely"
],
[
"affectionately",
"affectionately"
],
[
"lovingly",
"lovingly"
],
[
"loving",
"loving#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lovelyly"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Eagerly, fondly, enthusiastically; with great passion."
],
"links": [
[
"Eagerly",
"eagerly"
],
[
"fondly",
"fondly"
],
[
"enthusiastically",
"enthusiastically"
],
[
"passion",
"passion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lustfully, passionately; in a romantically or sexually charged way."
],
"links": [
[
"Lustfully",
"lustfully"
],
[
"passionately",
"passionately"
],
[
"romantically",
"romantically"
],
[
"sexually",
"sexually"
],
[
"charged",
"charged"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Wonderfully, marvelously, amazingly."
],
"links": [
[
"Wonderfully",
"wonderfully"
],
[
"marvelously",
"marvelously"
],
[
"amazingly",
"amazingly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
],
"links": [
[
"Courteously",
"courteously"
],
[
"well-mannered",
"well-mannered"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "lovely"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Sex"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "lovely",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lofly"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of lofly"
],
"links": [
[
"lofly",
"lofly#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lovely"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lovely meaning in Middle English (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.